How much do tax credits affect firms' R&D activities? What are the mechanisms? Few empirical studies directly examine the effect of tax credit policies on firms' R&D investments and the importance of financial constraints on the policy effects on R&D. This paper examines the effect of the...

This paper considers likelihood-based testing of the null hypothesis of m0 components against the alternative of m0+1 components in a finite mixture model. The number of components is an important parameter in the applications of finite mixture models. Still, testing the number of components has...

This article analyzes the identifiability of the number of components in k-variate, M-component finite mixture models in which each component distribution has independent marginals, including models in latent class analysis. Without making parametric assumptions on the component distributions,...

Since its enactment in 1974 until its easing in the 1990s, the Large-Scale Retail Store Law (<i>Daikibo Kouri Tenpo Ho</i>) strictly regulated the entry of large-scale retailers in cities in Japan to protect local small and medium incumbent stores. This paper investigates the effect of large-scale...