microeconomic by their nature, and there is a risk that adverse effects appear at the macroeconomic levels in relation with the … the process of globalization, is characterized by the lack of risk management capacity, the only such capacities, possibly … to be activated, being those at the local level, but they have a low efficacy compared to the global nature of the risk …

risk, even if banks fully internalize the costs of negative outcomes. In this way, banks can reduce the surplus they have … unambiguously lead to reduced risk-taking by their top traders. …

principles of risk allocation and valuation from an academic and public sector perspective. Both the private and public sector … consider risk allocation to be a critical issue with respect to PPPs and VfM generation, although governments adopt a less … complex approach to risk measurement. This paper analyses papers, case-studies, and reports concerning VfM from PPPs and …

’s characteristics—including its exposure to currency risk and the price effects of exchange rate movements—determine those preferences …

’s characteristics—including its exposure to currency risk and the price effects of exchange rate movements—determine those preferences …