indicate that mothers are in a worse physical condition if their children attend formal care, whereas no such effect is found … with regard to mothers ́mental health. Overall, there is evidence that mothers placing their children in formal day care …

condition if their children attend formal care, whereas no such effect is found with regard to mothers' mental health. Overall …, there is evidence that mothers placing their children in formal care interact with them more frequently. …

This study investigates whether the expansion of day-care places for under-three-year-old children in East and West …

reduction in parental time devoted to children, which modifies their human capital accumulation process. We show that the result … critically depends on the assumptions on the altruistic motives behind the choice of devoting time to children. …

More children than ever attend center-based care early in life. We study whether children who attend center-based care … entering primary school. In data covering about 36,000 children in one West German state, we use a marginal treatment effects … framework to show how causal effects vary with observed characteristics of children, parents, and care centers and with …

, subsidies for external child care, and parental leave payments. We compare the impact on the quantity and quality of children …