-year-olds. However, more than a third of children enrolled in preschool programs have insufficient attendance, with absenteeism higher in … schools in lower socioeconomic areas and among younger preschool children. This paper presents the results of a behavioral … impact of nudging parents on attendance and learning for school-age children; this is the first experiment looking at both …

Past research has demonstrated that positive increments to the non-cognitive development of children can have long …

This study investigates the effect of grandparental care on children's locus of control (LOC), which is an important … non-cognitive skill that affects children's future development. We use data from the China Family Panel Studies, which is … choice. We find that children in the care of their grandparents have more external LOC than children in the care of their …

that constraints in both time and (non-)cognitive skills of the parents restrict their choice. We find that children … children from different socioeconomic origins. …

Young children in poor communities are spending more hours in non-parental care due to policy reforms and expansion of … early childhood programs. Studies show positive effects of high-quality center-based care on children's cognitive growth …-based care. Using a sample of children age 12 to 42 months when their mothers entered welfare-to-work programs, this paper finds …