While people in democracies can vote their government out when they are discontent with its policies, those in dictatorships cannot do so. They can only attempt to expel the dictator via mass protests or revolutions. Based on a general cause-and-effect mechanism, the author analyzes whether such...

In this paper, we provide an overview of transitional justice in Tunisia, Egypt, and Bahrain. We begin each section with a brief overview of the violence and repression that gave rise to transitional justice demands. Then, we outline transitional justice processes to date, offering some...

The unrest in the Arab world that started at the end of 2010 and continues in many countries is unique not just in terms of what it means for the future of these countries but also its implications for other countries. In this paper, Orbis Economics takes a closer look at the events in these...

Purpose – This paper aims to shed light on the Egyptian socio-economic and political conditions seven years post the 2011 revolution.Design/methodology/approach – The authors depended on secondary data and information gathered from scholars and from domestic and international institutions as...

The Arab Spring has led to very different outcomes across the Arab world. I present a highly stylized model of the Arab Spring to better understand these differences. In this model, dictators from the ethnic or religious majority group concede power if their country is oil-poor, but can stay in...

The economic outlook for the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region in 2015 is slightly more favorable than in 2013-14, when the region as a whole grew at 3 percent a year. The World Bank group's latest MENA Economic Monitor projects MENA's economic growth to average 5.2 percent in 2015...