not accurately distinguished between offshoring, domestic outsourcing, and the substitution of domestic by foreign … offshoring and domestic outsourcing with a firm panel. I find that offshoring of non-core activities has led to productivity … gains whereas offshoring of core activities and domestic outsourcing have had no such effects. The estimated productivity …

's Republic of China's (PRC) Customs Office for 2000 and 2008, we perform an in-depth anatomy of the PRC's trade in manufactured …

The rising trade in intermediate goods accounts for almost two-thirds of world’s trade (MGI, 2019). India's export … share for intermediate goods in its total exports has increased from 31.18% in 2011 to 32.52% in 2016. Moreover, India … intermediate exporter. Recent "Make in India" initiative boosts of making India competitive in exporting of manufactured products …