-stage cartel formation experiment where multiple ringleaders may emerge. Although theory predicts that cartels will always be …This paper experimentally analyzes the cartel coordination challenge induced by the discrimination of cartel … ringleaders in leniency policies. Ringleaders often take a leading role in the coordination and formation of a cartel. A leniency …

The paper focuses on the various methods used to quantify cartel damages, which have become more and more important as … private damage suits in the aftermath of antitrust litigation increase. The approaches implementation is embedded into current … legal environments with regards to the estimation approaches being used for quantification of cartel damages. The direct …

collusion. It allows an upstream cartel to shield itself from private damage claims by forwarding a share of cartel profits to … private damages. The cartel can achieve this by rationing inputs at low prices. Several U.S. antitrust cases show symptoms of … recovery of antitrust damages to direct purchasers. However, antitrust damages are typically (in part) passed on to …

We analyze a hub-and-spoke cartel in the Brazilian automotive fuel industry. Using the court documents and detailed …; and cost stabilization. We argue that wholesalers benefited from the cartel by being the exclusive supplier during the … scheme. We use the synthetic control approach to quantify how successful the cartel was in increasing markups. We find that …

Numerous recently uncovered cartels operated along the supply chain, with firms at one end facilitating collusion at … the other - hub-and-spoke arrangements. These cartels are hard to rationalize because they induce double marginalization … and higher costs. We examine Canada's alleged bread cartel and provide the first comprehensive analysis of hub …