This paper uses annual data drawn from the GSOEP to estimate individual earnings risk (labor market risk) in Germany for the period 1983-2012. The econometric specification of the earnings process allows for transitory shocks and permanent shocks to individual earnings. We find that both the...

In contrast to most prior studies of gender inequality focusing on a specific country or a specific year, this paper uses cross-nationally comparable data from the Luxembourg Income Study (LIS) to examine the impacts of wage premiums in male- and female-dominated industries and education levels...

Purpose: The authors investigate the extent to which differences in provincial union legislation have impacts on the union earnings premium. Design/methodology/approach: Content analysis of provincial union regulations of 25 provinces is conducted to create two indices: one reflecting the...

This paper is mainly to achieve two aims: 1. present industry analysis on investment banking business; 2. value Goldman Sachs stock through different methods.The paper is consisted of eight parts. Part one is introduction. In part two we make a general review on I-banking industry. In part three...