Anaerobic digestion of dewatered-sewage sludge using continuous stirred tank reactors (CSTRs) in duplicates was evaluated under thermophilic (50 °C) and mesophilic (37 °C) conditions over a range of nine solid retention times (SRTs). The 35- and 30-day SRTs were designed to simulate a...

Effects of anaerobic pre-treatment were evaluated on the dewatered-sewage sludge from a municipal wastewater treatment plant in order to improve its biodegradability through anaerobic digestion. The pre-treatment was conducted in laboratory scale at 25, 50 and 70 °C for an incubation time of...

Using a unique dataset for Indiana counties during the period 1995-2012, we estimate the effects of flood hazard, asset exposure, and social vulnerability on property damage. This relationship then is combined with the expected level of future flood risks to project property damage from flooding...

Applying the generalized propensity score matching, we estimate the effect of international aid on country GDP growth based on a panel data of 73 aid recipient countries for the period 1960-2011. The matching permits us to select a set of country-year observations that to the largest extent...

In the canonical consumer demand problem, an agent makes a decision about quantities to consume, under the assumption that all varieties can be accessed at zero cost. In reality, the cost of accessing variety may not be zero. In this paper we study the effect of variety access cost on the...

In this paper, the operation characteristic of a dead-ended proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) placed with vertical orientation is investigated. The relationship between the channel geometry and the wettability of the gas diffusion layer (GDL) surface is theoretically analyzed. Based on...

In [Y.-B. Xie, T. Zhou, B.-H. Wang, Scale-free networks without growth, Physica A 387 (2008) 1683–1688], a nongrowing scale-free network model has been introduced, which shows that the degree distribution of the model varies from the power-law form to the Poisson form as the free parameter α...

With the help of the characteristic function and the covariance matrix, we study the effect of a dissipative bath on bipartite entanglement in a system of continuous variables with no direct inter-mode coupling. Under the dissipation induced by an Agarwal bath, the time evolution of entanglement...

Previous research argues that earnings quality, measured as the unsigned abnormal accruals, proxies for information asymmetries that affect cost of capital. We examine this argument directly in two stages. In the first stage, we estimate firms' exposure to an earnings quality factor in the...

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to study correlations between the national real estate investment trusts (REIT) markets in the USA and the four Asia‐Pacific countries of Australia, Hong Kong, Japan and Singapore, and document the extent to which the time variation present in these...