This article reviews the impact of commercial real estate (CRE hereafter) on macro-financial stability and gives some ideas, how central banks could deal with the risk. First, we present the main features of the CRE market, explain its cycle and outline risks related to this market. Its relation...

While analysing the housing market, we focus on the short-term modelling of the housing units market instead of analysing the long-term housing space market. In this context, even a minor change in factors affecting the real estate market leads, due to the multiplier effect, to strong shocks on...

Foreign direct investment (FDI) and foreign portfolio investment (FPI) have been long considered as distinct and independent forms of international capital flows, but in the globalized world there are reasons to treat them as interconnected phenomena. This paper analyzes the mutual relationship...

Poland has experienced a relatively large inflow of foreign direct investment (FDI) in the last two decades. FDI has been flowing mainly into services and manufacturing similarly to the trend observed in global capital movement. Within the services, the financial intermediation played the...

We employ two methodologies in order to identify groupings of cities and to analyse the factors which drive convergence in residential prices across Polish prime markets over the period 2007-2018. The Phillips and Sul (2007) methodology is first used to identify convergence in primary...

The article presents an theoretical analysis of the developer sector, which bases on the observed functioning of the market. We explain the behaviour of developers in the short and medium run and show why they add to the creation of a real estate bubble instead of mitigating it. The bubbles...