employment penalty for mothers after the birth of their first child. …This paper deals with the effects of entry into motherhood on women's employment dynamics. Our analysis is based on the … motherhood and their changes over different birth cohorts and thereby take into account the employment histories before the birth …

against women who are mothers. This discrimination is sometimes, perhaps often, perpetrated by judges who refuse to accept and … protect a woman's right to reproductive freedom. These mothers are under-compensated, and the medical establishment that …

This paper explores how firms respond to the exit of mothers from the labour market after childbirth. As an exogenous … shifter in mothers' quits, we use a policy reform that extended the potential duration of unemployment benefits, which Italian … mothers can receive also upon resigning within 12 months of giving birth. In response to the reform, we find that mothers have …