Global institutional investors face constraints, in the form of either external regulations or internal firm policies, with regard to investing in countries rated speculative grade. As a consequence, when a country receives (loses) its investment-grade status, a significant inflow (outflow) of...

We study the effects of a price transparency shock in the Brazilian OTC equity lending market. Previously, a publicly available stock-specific loan fee benchmark was the average fee of the past 15 trading days. On March 1, 2011, this interval was reduced to 3 days, significantly improving...