We investigate carbon emission trends among EU Member States by testing the assumption of beta-type convergence for per capita CO2 emissions, conditional upon per capita output and energy use. We find that the emission growth/income relation is strictly negative, indicating that EU-15 countries...

In response to biofuel policies, the impacts of biofuels are very controversial. In particular, biofuels have been universally blamed for recent food price increases. In this paper, we review the recent but growing literature on the topical trade-off : Fuel vs. Food. First, we present biofuel...

This paper estimates the returns to household income due to improved access to electricity in rural India. We examine the effect of connecting a household to the grid and the quality of electricity, defined as hours of daily supply. The analysis is based on two rounds of a representative panel...