Poor countries are rarely challenged in formal WTO trade disputes for failing to live up to commitments, reducing the benefits of their participation in international trade agreements. This paper examines the political-economic causes of the failure to challenge poor countries and discusses the...

The Dispute Settlement (DS) system is a central feature of the World Trade Organization (WTO) Agreement. This compulsory and binding two-level mechanism for the adjudication of disputes between WTO Members is the most active among international courts. The functioning of the DS system has...

In 1995 the WTO Dispute Settlement System came into operation. Its main purpose is the rapid settlement of disputes between WTO members concerning their rights and obligation. However, the WTO dispute settlement system has a weak enforcement mechanism, and developed countries have an advantage...

Poor countries are rarely challenged in formal World Trade Organization trade disputes for failing to live up to commitments, reducing the benefits of their participation in international trade agreements. This paper examines the political-economic causes of the failure to challenge poor...

Poor countries are rarely challenged in formal World Trade Organization (WTO) trade disputes for failing to live up to commitments, reducing the benefits of their participation in international trade agreements. This article examines the political-economic causes of the failure to challenge poor...

Mechanisms to avoid investment treaty disputes are an increasing priority for states. States often struggle, however, to develop evidence-based mechanisms due to a lack of information regarding the risks created by the operation of their administrative institutions. The self-assessment process...