rapid economic convergence. The case of Estonia is used, and micro data from the Labour Force Survey from 1989 to 2020 are … wage gap was as large as 41% at the end of the communist period in Estonia. The large gender wage gap under communist rule …

economic convergence. The case of Estonia is used, and the labour force survey micro data is employed from 1989 to 2020. The …

by race and ethnicity, using granular statistics describing income distributions, income mobility, and conditional income …

be used for external moves between firms. We show that when female workers are the minority in the occupation and social … link formation is gender-biased (homophily) there are too few female contacts in the social networks of their male … workers are the minority can explain a substantial part of the empirically observable total wage gap stemming from the glass …

exhibit gender homophily, which reflects the fact that social ties are more likely to be formed between workers of the same … gender. In a setting when female workers are the minority, there are too few female contacts in the social networks of their …

Social stratification is determined not only by income, education, race, and gender, but also by an individual’s job … important information on the network segmentation of society. Gender, race, education, and income are concentrated unevenly …