The conflict in Northern Ireland was an example of "complex warfare" with both insurgency and sectarian violence. We … present a unified model that helps to identify these two forms of conflict from the spatial distribution of violence. The … model predicts that tectonic boundaries between residential areas of opposed groups drive sectarian violence. Violence …

that contributed to the violence in the first place, or, as Johann Galtung refers to this, structural violence. As we and … others have noted, changing the social structure to eliminate the attributes that contributed to the onset of violence is …

Political violence is among the most serious threats facing democracies in the developing world. Using geo-coded data … on individual incidents of political violence in a close-election regression discontinuity design, this study aims to … estimate the causal effects of the local politician's partisanship on subsequent political violence in Pakistan, a country that …

people. These restrictions have negative economic consequences, possibly increasing the supply of political violence. To test … employment is more concentrated in these sectors, and (iii) episodes of political violence are more likely to occur in these …

? Drawing on information on attitudes toward extreme violence and other characteristics of 30,787 individuals from 27 developing …

outlook, including the continued salience of various ‘structural' conditions that drive intrastate violence even during rapid …-scale violence to continue its steady decline, although the risk of instability and violence is likely to persist, and even increase …

an event is unclear. Political violence is such an event, sending immediate signals about possible impact on firm … political violence in 19th century Russia on its stock market; using a battery of unit root and variance ratio tests, the … evidence is that Russian financial markets were mostly efficient in processing short-term information from political violence …

Women around the world are facing unprecedented levels of targeted political violence. This is also true in West Africa … and contentious crises. The result though is consistent: such targeted violence has worrying implications for women …’s political participation as well as their involvement in the public sphere. Political violence targeting women (PVTW) in West …