The Chinese government has actively tried to promote export. Her export promotion measures have included duty drawbacks, which are expected to lower the cost of imported inputs and to increase the exporters' competitiveness. This paper examines the effectiveness of the duty drawback system in...

Japan has promoted its exports by reducing the risks accompanying overseas sales through short-term facilities for exporters. Short-term export insurance schemes operated in line with rules on minimum premia are not prohibited according to current international trade rules. The insured amount of...