employment is a type of wage subsidy paid to unemployed workers and they do not lose their unemployment benefits if the wage is … unemployment spell suffer a (causal) penalty for doing so, relative to their peers who do not. The penalty, in terms of less … employment, more unemployment, lower wages, lessens over time but is still present after three years. -- marginal employment …

. persistence), and exits to unemployment ('no pay-low pay cycle'). The results show shorter spell durations in Austria, pointing to … firm-related characteristics and of the individual unemployment history on exit probabilities and the role of duration … dependence is found, at least for Germany. As to the risk of falling back into unemployment, the results suggest that even low …

employment is a type of wage subsidy paid to unemployed workers and they do not lose their unemployment benefits if the wage is … unemployment spell suffer a (causal) penalty for doing so, relative to their peers who do not. The penalty, in terms of less … employment, more unemployment, lower wages, lessens over time but is still present after three years. -- marginal employment …