, we measure the welfare improvements from including LIAs in the menu of plan payout choices, accounting for mortality …. Optimal annuitization boosts welfare by 5-20% of average retirement plan accruals at age 66 (assuming average mortality rates …

Using the widely-cited Lee-Carter mortality model, we quantify aggregate mortality risk as the risk that the average … substantial mortality risk. We calculate that a markup of 3.7% on an annuity premium (or else shareholders%u2019 capital equal to … uncertain aggregate mortality trends to 5% and a markup of 5.4% would reduce the probability of insolvency to 1%. Using the same …