Delayering and the flattening of organizational hierarchies was a widespread trend through the 1990s. Peters (1992) in the USA promoted flattening as an organizational strategy and Keuning and Opheij (1994) promoted the prescriptions in Europe. Despite these strategies and apparent structural...

This article describes how innovations develop over time based on findings emerging from seven innovations included in the Minnesota Innovation Research Program. These observations are very different from typical models in the literature of the innovation process. The actual process is fluid,...