We examine the effects of social preferences and beliefs about the social preferences of others in a simple leader-follower voluntary contributions game. We find that groups perform best when led by those who are reciprocally oriented. Part of the effect can be explained by a false consensus...

Leadership is an evasive phenomenon with problematic constructs; transformational leadership (TL) is defined by its results, which charismatic leadership (CL) may also achieve. Adding charisma to TL’s attributes generated the concept of charismatic-transformational leadership (C-TL)....