The paper proposes an econometric approach for quantifying jointly the geographical scope of commuting as well as the … using land prices to measure their aggregate effects, the approach estimates the geographical reach of commuting and urban … areas may be larger than suggested by MSA classifications based on commuting only. Metropolitan subcenters are found to …

the average commuting length is reduced. However, when we account for the possible relocation of activities within and …, agglomeration occurs and, eventually, the secondary business centers vanish. By increasing the average commuting length, these …

new commuting patterns. We show policies that favor the decentralization of jobs in big cities may reduce global pollution …