rates of recidivism among ex-convicts is due to selection, and not a consequence of the experience of being in prison … directed at improving employability and reducing recidivism, and ultimately, raises employment and earnings while discouraging … further criminal behavior. For previously employed individuals, while there is no effect on recidivism, there is a lasting …

reintegrate into society. The inability to find stable work is often cited as a key determinant of failed re-entry (or “recidivism …”). However, empirical evidence that demonstrates a causal impact of job opportunities on recidivism is sparse. In fact, several … randomized evaluations of employment-focused programs find increases in employment but little impact on recidivism. Recent …