studies are cross sectional and can shed little light on the economy-wide forces that shift public opinion on immigration. In … immigration opinion for 20 countries. The recession that began in 2008 provides a useful test because its severity varied so … widely across Europe. For Europe as a whole the shifts in average opinion have been remarkably mild. But trends in opinion …

/methodology/approach -- Employing newly available data from the IZA Expert Opinion Survey 2007 main trends in the integration situation of ethnic … acknowledged as the single most important integration barrier; low education and self-confidence as well as cultural differences …