In financial services organizations, the degree of automation is usually high, while the human intervention low. Banks depend on information technology and information management, complex infrastructure and applications, thus controls are required to support the business processes. Furthermore,...

Basel III regulation intent is to increase the resiliency of banks through effective risk management practices that can reduce significant idiosyncratic operational losses. A systemic risk event that leads to significant losses in a bank holding company (BHC) can expose them to become insolvent...

Following the three-pillar structure of the Basel II/III framework, the article categorises and surveys 279 academic papers on operational risk in financial institutions, covering the period from 1998 to 2014. In doing so, different lines of both theoretical and empirical directions for research...