Work within the field of behavioral health within the United States has focused on Recovery, the process of restoring someone's life back to their previous level of functioning. Recovery does not set the expectation for continued growth or development. The western medical model is based upon...

Within theories of mathematical prediction, decision and behavior such as game theory, there is the assumption that the players wish to win. The prisoner's dilemma points to the virtues of defection, or immediate self-preservation. Within the theory of evolutionary biology (Wilson & Wilson,...

Psychological trauma has been explored to better understand the developmental, cognitive, psychodynamic, social, neuro-biological and chemical consequences due to exposure. Large populations who are exposed to trauma are often studied for their development of subsequent symptoms and...

The effects of global warming are becoming apparent throughout the world. Europe has begun to experience more severe winters and increased rain (Steffen, 2011). Massive flooding in South Eastern Europe has devastated communities and repeatedly strains the economy of these regions resulting in...