The CAPM implies that investors require equity risk premia when choosing risky investments and therefore demand higher … returns to equity invested if higher risk is present. This should apply to investments in independent enterprises and multi … income is set in relation to invested capital, risk measured by earnings volatility emerges as the most important stable …

The CAPM implies that investors require equity risk premia when choosing risky investments and therefore demand higher … returns to equity invested if higher risk is present. This should apply to investments in independent enterprises and multi … income is set in relation to invested capital, risk measured by earnings volatility emerges as the most important stable …

This study investigates how transfer pricing risk affects the premia in cross-border mergers and acquisitions …. Differences in the rigor of transfer pricing enforcement and the severity and clarity of rules across countries create risk of … material costs for multinationals as they expand globally. We use 448 country-level transfer pricing risk assessments by global …

Valuing a firm using the discounted cash flow method (DCF) requires the joint determination of the market value of its … equity (MVE) together with the equity risk premium (ERP) the firm should earn, since the latter is part of the discount rate … risk-free rate of interest and a parameter indicating the required market risk premium per return volatility. …