Caking coal is difficult to be gasified in fluidized bed (FB) because of the inevitable particle agglomeration caused by caking in the dense bottom of the bed. Literature studies have shown that pre-oxidizing the coal can suppress its caking propensity, while quick dispersion of coal particles,...

The primary objective in the one-dimensional cutting stock problem is to minimize material cost. In real applications it is often necessary to consider auxiliary objectives, one of which is to reduce the number of different cutting patterns (setups). This paper first presents an integer linear...

Three-staged patterns are often used to solve the 2D cutting stock problem of rectangular items. They can be divided into items in three stages: Vertical cuts divide the plate into segments; then horizontal cuts divide the segments into strips, and finally vertical cuts divide the strips into...