This paper employs a nonparametric approach to investigate the sources of growth in labor productivity for 77 countries and to decompose it in the following three components: (1) total factor productivity; (2) capital deepening; and (3) technological capabilities accumulation (a proxy of the...

A primal index of productivity change is introduced which decomposes exactly in three components: technical change, technical efficiency change and average scale economies (radial scale change). The proposed index is invariant to movement along indifference surfaces and it collapses to the...