There is a broad consensus that mankind must reduce carbon emissions to mitigate global warming. It is generally accepted that carbon emission trading is one of the most effective market-based mechanisms to curb the amount of carbon emissions. This paper investigates how firms manage carbon...

We study the risk-averse newsvendor model with a mean-variance objective function. We show that stockout cost has a significant impact on the newsvendor's optimal ordering decisions. In particular, with stockout cost, the risk-averse newsvendor does not necessarily order less than the...

We explore buyback contracts in a supplier–retailer supply chain where the retailer faces a price-dependent downward-sloping demand curve subject to uncertainty. Differentiated from the existing literature, this work focuses on analytically examining how the uncertainty level embedded in...

Many retailers diversify their supply disruption risk by sourcing from multiple suppliers. While a retailer's sourcing strategy impacts the profit of the supply chain, the pricing strategies of suppliers influence all aspects of the supply chain. In this paper we investigate the sourcing...

Manufacturer-retailer supply chains commonly adopt a wholesale price mechanism. This mechanism, however, has often led manufacturers and retailers to situations of conflicts of interest. For example, due to uncertain market demand, retailers prefer to order flexibly from manufacturers so as to...

We introduce the concept of conditional value-at-risk as the evaluation criterion in a supply contract model. We first derive the manufacturer's optimal decisions and then analyze the impact of risk aversion on the manufacturer's decisions. We follow by conducting numerical experiments to...

Facing such issues as demand uncertainty and in- and cross-channel competition, managers of today's retail chains are keen to find optimal strategies that help their firms to adapt to the increasingly competitive business environment. To help retail managers to address their challenges, we...