This study reviews the research on international investment strategy from a real options lens and discusses avenues for future research. Uncertainty has been a persistent feature in international business, and multinational enterprises (MNEs) have to deal with uncertainty (e.g., market,...

In his seminal paper, Lucas (1988) stresses the important role of human capital externalities in explaining long-term economic growth and points out two major determinants of human capital externalities: average human capital level and group interactions. Existing literature has well documented...

As consumers often abandon e-commerce carts, companies are shifting their online advertising budgets to immediate e-commerce cart re-targeting (ECR). They presume that early reminder ads, relative to late ones, generate more click-throughs and web revisits. We develop a conceptual framework of...

We study how consumer spending responds to digital payments, using the differential switch to digital payments across consumers induced by the sudden 2016 Indian Demonetization for identification. Usage of digital payments rose by 3.38 percentage points and monthly spending increased by 3% for...

This paper studies the impact of universities on local innovation activity by exploiting a unique university expansion policy in China as a quasi-experiment. We take a geographic approach that is empowered by geocoded data on patents and new products at the address level to identify knowledge...

China’s transport sector has experienced a rapid growth in the last two decades, which causes heavy related carbon emissions and environmental pollutions due to its feature of high energy-intensive. A number of scholars have conducted studies to identify the sector’s potential energy savings...

The relation between city size and wage inequality is well established for Western countries. This paper finds that city size–wage premium exists across Chinese cities to a lower extent than the Western world. Further, using a simplified model on the Chinese Household Income Project survey...

This paper examines two factors that help to explain geographic variation in health outcomes. The first factor concerns proximity to medical services. The second factor is state-specific health care policy that may impede access to nearby medical services. Four key findings are obtained. First,...

This paper aims to examine the impacts of oil-price shocks on China's price levels. To that end, we develop a partial transmission input-output model that captures the uniqueness of the Chinese market. We hypothesize and simulate price control, market factors and technology substitution - the...

This paper aims to examine the impacts of oil-price shocks on China's price levels. To that end, we develop a partial transmission input-output model that captures the uniqueness of the Chinese market. We hypothesize and simulate price control, market factors and technology substitution - the...