Do proteins with larger fluctuations in their functions show higher rates of their evolutions? To gain some insight on the question, we conducted an in vitro experimental evolution where a mutant of green fluorescence protein (GFP) with random sequence at its N terminus was subjected to ten...

We discuss how recursive production of a proto-cell consisting of a mutually catalytic reaction network is possible. It is shown that a minority molecule species plays an essential role in carrying heredity, in the sense that the molecule is preserved well and controls replication of the cell....

We propose a concept of autonomous energy transducer at a molecular scale, where output is produced with small input energy, not very much larger than the thermal energy, without restriction of magnitude or timing of input, and without any control after the input. As an example that satisfies...