Central banks drew heavily on US dollar swap lines with the Federal Reserve in the first half of 2020, contributing to a surge in cross-border banking flows during this period.The large increase in cross-border claims on banks operating in the United States – in the form of cross-border...

At $13 trillion, the gross dollar liabilities of banks headquartered outside the United States at end-2019 were nearly as high as before the Great Financial Crisis. Most of their dollar funding was booked outside the United States.We measure non-US banks' short-term dollar funding needs by...

International credit can be fickle and subject to sudden stops during periods of global economic stress. Non-financial corporate borrowers that rely on credit from abroad are vulnerable to reversals in capital flows. Similarly, corporates that borrow in foreign currency may face problems rolling...

The growing heft of institutional investors and asset managers in several Asian economies hasfuelled expansion in outward portfolio investment, mainly in US dollar-denominated assets. Thisinvestment is predominantly in long-term instruments but is hedged for currency risk mainlythrough...

Historically, London has enjoyed an outsized role in euro-denominated financial transactions. We examine the latest evidence on whether Brexit has affected its central role in trading of interest rate derivatives, foreign exchange, international banking and bond underwriting. The 2022 BIS...

FX swaps, forwards and currency swaps create forward dollar payment obligations that do not appear on balance sheets and are missing in standard debt statistics. Non-banks outside the United States owe as much as $25 trillion in such missing debt, up from $17 trillion in 2016. Non US banks owe...