Using department level administrative data from 1826 to 1936 we document the evolution of crime rates in 19th century France and we estimate the impact of a negative income shock on crime. Our identification strategy exploits the phylloxera crisis. Between 1863 and 1890, phylloxera destroyed...

The financial market was well developed in France in the years before World War I, and there were many newspapers that provided information to investors. Yet commentators at the time faulted the financial press for inaccuracy and biases, which they linked to the existence of payments made by...

This paper shows that modern monetary theory can be better understood through the differences between Menger and Walras. Since the 1980s attempts to establish coherent microfoundations for monetary exchange have brought Menger's theory of the origin of money to the forefront and sent walrasian...

Introduction: What’s a Money Doctor? -- Money Doctors in the Medieval/Pre-Modern Period -- Is Oda Nobunaga the Final Champion of the Medieval Era or A Pioneer of the Early Modern Era? -- A Money Doctor in the 16th Century Japan -- Johan Palmstrüch, A Copper Money Doctor: Stockholm Banco and...

We provide the first detailed empirical analysis of the failure of a derivatives clearinghouse: the Caisse de Liquidation, which defaulted in Paris in 1974. Using archival data, we find three main causes of the failure: (i) a weak pool of investors, (ii) the inability to contain the growth of a...

This paper examines a novel negative impact of trade tariffs and the costs they induce by documenting how protectionism reversed the long-term improvements in education and the fertility transition that were well under way in late 19th-century France. The Méline tariff, a tariff on cereals...

This paper shows that a central bank can more efficiently mitigate economic crises when it broadens eligibility for its discount facility to any safe asset or solvent agent. We use difference-in-differences panel regressions and emulate crises by studying how defaults of banks and...

How beneficial is a fully recognizable money to the economy? This paper answers this question for the commodity money system. We build a model in which money is made of precious metal coins, yet its intrinsic quality is imperfectly recognizable by sellers. Based on historical evidence, we allow...