This paper examines the effects of a movement from segmented markets to integrated markets on the volume of trade, consumer prices, and profits in a monopoly model. The monopolist discriminates prices among segmented markets but takes account of arbitrage under integrated markets. The analysis...

We explore international rent-shifting when a domestic firm and a foreign rival compete in the domestic market. To serve the market, the foreign firm has to acquire a production technology through either R&D or licensing obtained from the domestic firm. In the presence of both R&D and licensing,...

We explore the carbon emissions of the world’s five highest carbon emitters by applying the shared responsibility (SR) criterion, under which both producers and consumers share the responsibility for emissions. Using the SR method based on the value-added approach, we can investigate carbon...