Previous studies have shown that the stationary and nonstationary time-varying volatilities have different implications on the unit root test. In this paper, we provide a Bayesian unit root test for an AR(1) model with stochastic volatility and leverage effect. Monte Carlo simulations show that...

Volatility forecasting is an important issue in empirical finance. In this paper, the main purpose is to apply the model averaging techniques to reduce volatility model uncertainty and improve volatility forecasting. Six GARCH-type models are considered as candidate models for model averaging....

Low cost, high performance and environmentally friendly lubricants are needed for modern industrial development. Here, the high-yield carbon dots (CDs) were rapidly prepared by the aldol condensation reaction. The size of the CDs was less than 10 nm, with discrete and quasi-spherical morphology....