We suggest that understanding unethical behavior in organizations involves understanding how people view themselves and their relationships with others, a concept known as self-construal. Across multiple studies, employing both field and laboratory settings, we examine the impact of three...

Drawing on the motivated information processing model (De Dreu & Carnevale, 2003), we explore how individual differences in collectivism (the social motive) and need for closure (the epistemic motive) drive individuals’ reactions to the justice treatment of a coworker. Across both laboratory...

Drawing on social identity theory, we examine how Whites' race-related beliefs drive their reactions to race-based Affirmative Action Policies (AAPs). Across laboratory and field settings, we find that Whites with relatively high modern racism (MR) or collective relative deprivation (CRD)...

Descriptive norms – the behavior of other individuals in one's reference group – play a key role in shaping individual decisions. When characterizing the behavior of others, a standard approach in the literature is to focus on average behavior. In this paper, we argue both theoretically and...