We investigate, considering disposal and recycling activities after the consumption of products, the models that explicitly incorporate both the product market and the recycling market. In the field, the deposit-refund (D-R) policy has been discussed as an ideal policy to internalize disposal...

Which is better off for the patentee to license its technology by fixed fee or unit royalties? Kamien and Tauman [8] showed that the fixed fee scheme brings greater private value of the patent in the linear model. We extend their analysis into a general model. Then, the simple fact that the...

This paper discusses how to deal with low-valued recyclable residual wastes whose reprocessing itself does not pay financially. While such a recycling activity can potentially improve the social welfare if the environmental costs associated with its disposal are sufficiently significant,...