In the last decade the industrial landscape and regulatory structures of the network industries such as telecommunications, energy and rail transport, have undergone a profound transformation. Liberalization has fragmented the former natural monopoly sectors; new players with new preferences...

Community legislation is unquestionably a factor to be reckoned with in member-state policy making. But the extent and mode of its impact on domestic policies and administrative structures will depend on the existing policy practices and the political and institutional structures of the country...

The European Union is a composite democracy (Heritier 1999a; Benz 1998; Auel et al 2000; Manin 2000). It is comprised of diverse elements of democratic legitimation: the vertical legitimation through parliamentary representation in the EP; executive representation through delegates of democratically-elected...

Current research on the main bodies of the European Union (Council, Commission, Parliament) tends to concentrate either on relations within these bodies, or on relations between them. The result is that little attention is paid to how these two intersect; that is, to how changes in relations...

The provision of utilities for all at an affordable price has long been regarded as a prerequisite for everyday life, generally guaranteed by the state. But in recent years, publicly-owned utilities throughout Europe have come under increasing fire for their poor performance - their lack of...

Current approaches examining the effect of institutions on policy processes have difficulty in explaining the results of the legislative process of codecision between European Parliament and Council within the European Union. The formal Treaty changes which gave rise to codecision have in turn...

Current approaches to the understanding of institutional change in the European Union have difficulty in understanding how intergovernmental bargaining and day-to-day institutional change interact. This article develops a theoretical framework to understand this interaction, and applies it to...

The paper analyses how politics and adjudication answer similar questions in the context of policy making. It contrasts how societal problems are selected, defined, solved and legitimised by both disciplines. We raise these questions with regard to the liberalization of the European electricity...

Purpose: The aim of this paper is to explore the impact of Facebook and Instagram on consumer buying behaviour in the retail fashion market in Rhodes, Greece. We look at the extent to which the two social media influence Rhodian consumer preferences toward certain stores and at whether Rhodians...

Purpose: Employees in any workplace around the world should feel motivated to achieve optimal results. Older and more recent research in this area demonstrates the importance of motivation to employee productivity and organizational performance. This research aims to determine not only the role...