The NBBO for an average active stock is non-positive (locked or crossed) 10.58% and 4.05% of the time on, respectively, the NASDAQ and the NYSE inter-markets. Locks and crosses are frequent fleeting events that usually accompany significant price changes. Non-positive NBBOs arise because of (i)...

The study investigates competition in the market for NASDAQ stocks during a recent period in US equity markets history when three major Electronic Communication Networks (ECNs)--Archipelago, Island, and Instinet--are identifiable in the Trade and Quote (TAQ) database. We show that the ECNs...

We analyze short- and long-term effects of multimarket trading by examining the entries of multiple markets into transacting three ETFs, DIA, QQQ, and SPY. We find that large-scale entries improve overall market quality, while small-scale entries have ambiguous effects. Our results show that the...

Research documents a U-shaped intraday pattern of returns. We examine which trade sizes drive the U-shaped pattern and find that intraday price changes from larger trades exhibit a U-shaped pattern whereas price changes from smaller trades show a reverse U-shaped pattern. We argue that price...

We examine execution costs and quote clustering on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) and NASDAQ using 517 matching pairs of stocks after decimalization. We find that the mean spread of NASDAQ stocks is greater than the mean spread of NYSE stocks when spreads are equally weighted across stocks,...

We present an analysis of clientele trading effects in response to the widespread dissemination of public information. Employing analyst recommendations published in the Wall Street Journal's Dartboard column as the informational stimulus and the NYSE's trades and quotes (TAQ) transactions...