We identify the ultimate ownership structures of the 20 largest firms in 12 transition countries in 1996, and the subsequent patterns of ownership change over 1996-2008. Of the state-controlled companies in 1996 more than half are still in state hands in 2008. Better quality of governmental...

This article investigates the determinants of subsidiaries’ profitability using a unique dataset of more than 23,000 listed and unlisted subsidiaries worldwide over the period 1994–2005. We find that profitable parent companies are able to transfer some of the intangible assets that make...