This paper numerically investigates four methods, namely mesh refinement, General Richardson Extrapolation (GRE), Grid Convergence Index (GCI), and the fitting method, in order to obtain a mesh independent solution for a straight blade vertical axis wind turbine (SB-VAWT) power curve using...

An analytical methodology for predicting above-roof mean wind speeds in urban areas is first used to map wind speeds over four different UK cities. The methodology utilises detailed geometric data describing buildings and vegetation to calculate the aerodynamic characteristics of the urban...

Decentralised energy sources, such as small-scale-wind energy, have a number of well-known advantages. However, within urban areas, the potential for energy generation from the wind is not currently fully utilised. One of the most significant reasons for this is that the complexity of air flows...

The contact resistance between the gas diffusion layer (GDL) and the bipolar plate has been experimentally estimated as they are assembled in proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells. A number of coated and non-coated GDLs, graphite bipolar plates and a sealing gasket were employed to perform...

A 3-dimensional model for an in-house proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell with serpentine channels has been developed in order to investigate the sensitivity of the fuel cell performance to the anisotropic gas permeability and electrical conductivity of gas diffusion layers (GDLs). For a...

A thermal two-dimensional model has been built for an air-breathing proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell that has been reported in the literature. The objective of the study is to investigate the thermal situation over the cathode surface of the fuel cell. The Joule heating was found to be...

A simple and efficient mathematical model for air-breathing proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells has been built. One of the major objectives of this study is to investigate the effects of the Joule and entropic heat sources, which are often neglected, on the performance of air-breathing PEM...

In this paper the determination of the time-dependent heat transfer coefficient in one-dimensional transient heat conduction from a non-standard boundary measurement is investigated. For this inverse nonlinear ill-posed problem the uniqueness of the solution holds. Numerical results obtained...

There are concerns that the GB (Great Britain) electricity system may not be able to fully absorb increasing levels of variable renewables with consequent implications for emission reduction targets.1 This study considers the technical benefits of additional energy storage and interconnections...