We find that individual analysts following the same firm and quarter forecast different underlying street performance metrics. Relative to analysts whose street forecast is based on generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP), analysts who forecast street earnings using a non-GAAP...

Most prior research examining exclusions from street earnings (i.e., the difference between actual GAAP and street earnings) does not distinguish between exclusions that were expected versus unexpected by analysts. We consider that exclusions reflect both amounts forecasted ex ante by analysts...

We investigate the association between passive investment and share repurchases, both at historically high levels and the subject of scrutiny. We argue passive investors offer little monitoring over managerial actions such as repurchase activities, so managers of firms with high levels of...

Theory from organizations and economics research posits that in an inter-organizational relationship, both parties invest in relationship-specific knowledge, which in turn facilitates the effectiveness of the relationship while strengthening the attachment between the parties. In complex...

We provide new evidence about how analysts incorporate and improve on management ETR forecasts. Quarterly ETR reporting under the integral method provides mandatory point-estimate forecasts by management, but firms must record certain “discrete” tax items fully in the quarter they occur,...

In this study, we examine whether banks' use of the loan loss provision (LLP) to manage earnings is associated with 1) the extent to which banks hold assets subject to fair value reporting and 2) the use of an industry specialist auditor. We find that banks with a greater proportion of assets...

In this study, we exploit the unique reporting requirements for employee stock options to provide large sample evidence on the accuracy of footnote disclosures related to a specific complex estimate, the fair value of options granted. We first document the frequency and magnitude of differences...

This paper examines whether fair value adjustments included in other comprehensive income (OCI) can predict future performance in banks. We also examine whether the reliability of these fair value estimates affects their predictive value. Using a sample of bank holding companies, we find that...

In this study we examine whether the reported performance of one firm affects the discretionary reporting behavior of another firm. We do this by identifying the leader within each industry, defined as the first large announcing firm. We find that the discretionary performance of followers...