In this study, Al–Ti–Co was used to improve the surface performance of pure Ti. Laser cladding is an important surface modification technique, which can be used to improve the surface performance of pure Ti. Laser cladding of the Al–Ti–Co + TiB2 pre-placed powders on pure Ti can form...

In situ synthesized TiC reinforced composite coating was fabricated by laser cladding of Al-Ni-Cr-C powders on titanium alloys, which can greatly improve the surface performance of the substrate. In this study, the Al-Ni-Cr-C laser-cladded composite coatings have been researched by means of...

We document a new stylized fact regarding the dynamics of the commodity convenience yield: the volatility of the convenience yield is heteroskedastic for industrial commodities; specifically, the volatility (variance) of the convenience yield depends on the convenience yield level. To explore...

We examined the effect of different irrigation and nitrogen (N) fertilizer levels on Zea mays L. (maize) on nitrate-nitrogen (NO3−-N) leaching under lysimeter conditions. To do so, we used large lysimeters (2.5m×2.5m×2.0m deep) at the Maize Technological Innovation Center (MTIC) of the...

<section xml:id="fut21649-sec-0001"> This study extends the maximal affine models of single assets to a multi‐commodity setup. We show that the correlated version of maximal affine models for a single commodity is no longer maximal for multiple commodities. In the maximal model, the convenience yield of a certain commodity could...</section>

We study the economic linkage between homebuilder stock market performance and commodity futures market information on a major component of building materials—lumber. The price of lumber plays a dual role in determining homebuilder profits: it represents a production input cost and serves as a...

Jatropha curcas is believed to be one of the potential biofuel crops, as it does not compete with planting lands for the edible oil plants. However, J. curcas has not been domesticated for producing biodiesel. Conventional breeding to increase the productivity of J. curcas has started since the...

Purpose – Data preparation plays an important role in data mining as most real life data sets contained missing data. This paper aims to investigate different treatment methods for missing data. Design/methodology/approach – This paper introduces, analyses and compares well‐established...