positive selection on health from high infant mortality rates during this period (18 percent), our findings suggest a strong … during the pandemic are shorter as child/teenagers, less educated, and more likely to have serious health problems, including … kidney disease, circulatory, respiratory problems, and diabetes in old age, than other birth cohorts. Despite the possible …

influenza suffered from worse adult health and, for males, also increased mortality at old ages, particularly in cancer. Their … elevated health risks in later life led to a growing interest into whether fetal exposure to other – less severe - diseases … could cause health problems as well. Epidemiological studies of the fetal origins of later life health that followed found …