Informed traders often use options that are not in-the-money due to higher potential gains for a smaller upfront cost. Thus, trading activity by option moneyness should be a gauge of informed option trading. We construct a dollar volume-weighted average moneyness measure to capture option...

The paper evaluates the efficiency of the Business Groups that make up the Brazilian electricity distribution segment. To this end, three models were developed to evaluate global, technical, and scale efficiency. On average, the groups obtained the value of 0.60 for global efficiency, 0.76 for...