between children of rich and poor parents remain as high in Nordic countries as elsewhere in Europe. One explanation for this … investments in children contribute to a levelled playing field and promote social mobility. However, gaps in learning outcomes … paradox is that the equalizing impacts of public investments are undone by parental investments in children of rich and poor …

indices to make three contributions. First, we describe the geography of intergenerational mobility in Europe. Second …

income -- as a result of changes to parental education -- leads to a 280 SEK increase in children's income. Second … resources, increases children's income by 74 SEK. The relative impacts of these two mechanisms thus suggest that parents …' financial resources amount to about 25% of the effect of parental education on children's income. Third, we show that parents …

causal effect of parental education, parental time with children, and parental income during early childhood on the … educational outcomes of children. Estimating the causal effects of time with children, income, and parental education is … challenging because parental time with children is usually unavailable in many datasets and because of the problem of endogeneity …

Children early in the birth order get more parental care than later children. Does this significantly affect their life …

on children's education by exploiting the United Nations sanctions imposed on Iran in 2006. Using the variation in the … sanctions decreased children's total years of schooling by 0.1 years and the probability of attending college by 4.8 percentage … children who were exposed longer to the sanctions. The results imply that sanctions have a larger effect on the income of …