technologies or sectors (inter-sectoral spillovers), or at the international level. We find that innovation is strongly driven by … knowledge spillovers, especially those occurring at the national level. Wind and solar technologies exhibit distinct innovation … only influential in the case of wind technology. We also find evidence that public R&D stimulates innovation, particularly …

specialized commercialization capabilities. According to the predominant framework, if the innovation is protected by a strong … appropriabilty regime the optimal strategy is to license the innovation to an incumbent product firm. This paper argues by contrast … commercialize alone or to pursue a hybrid arrangement (called co-promotion) whereby it licenses the innovation but retains the …