The dynamic pickup and delivery problem with time windows arises in courier companies making same-day pickup and delivery of letters and small parcels. In this problem solution quality is affected by the way waiting time is distributed along vehicle routes. This article defines and compares four...

The purpose of this paper is to provide basic models for highly relevant extensions of the classical vehicle routing problem in the context of supply chain management. The classical vehicle routing problem is extended in various ways. We will especially focus on extensions with respect to...

This paper presents a continuous approximation model to determine the long-term vehicle fleet composition needed to perform distribution activities. The problem is a realistic variant of the vehicle routing problem, in which the fleet size and mix are also decision variables. The types of...

The workover rig routing problem (WRRP) is a variant of the Vehicle Routing Problem with Time Windows (VRPTW) and arises in the operations of onshore oil fields. In this problem, a set of workover rigs located at different positions must service oil wells requesting maintenance as soon as...

This paper presents a model and an algorithm for the design of a home-to-work bus service in a metropolitan area. This type of service must display an equilibrium between conflicting criteria such as efficiency, effectiveness, and equity. To this end, we introduce a multi-objective model in...

Because most commercial passenger airlines operate on a hub-and-spoke network, small disturbances can cause major disruptions in their planned schedules and have a significant impact on their operational costs and performance. When a disturbance occurs, the airline often applies a recovery...

The purpose of this paper is to describe TABUROUTE, a new tabu search heuristic for the vehicle routing problem with capacity and route length restrictions. The algorithm considers a sequence of adjacent solutions obtained by repeatedly removing a vertex from its current route and reinserting it...