congestion, shrinking public funds for road construction and maintenance,and growing acceptance of the user-pay principle …. Congestion takes the form of queueing. Individuals decidewhether to drive, and if so on which route and at what time. Three …

This paper studies some of the properties and fundamentals of static models of road traffic congestion that have … backward-bending cost curve in the context of 'continuous congestion'. Therelevance of the backward-bending segment of the cost … curve for the static analysis of congestion is questioned by demonstrating that "equilibria" on this segment produce upwards …

The purpose of the presentation is to analyze the labor market effects of a congestion charge when commuters have … continuously distributed value of time. Since a congestion charge raises the cost of commuting to work, it can decrease employment … loss from the decreased employment can even exceed the Pigouvian welfare gain from internalizing the congestion externality …

This paper analyzes how different user groups are affected by changes to the present congestion pricing scheme in … Stockholm. The Stockholm congestion pricing scheme has shown that pricing of transport systems can reduce congestion and … congestion without unnecessarily affecting user groups whose contribution to congestion is minor. A large number of theoretical …